1: Conversation 1 Good morning.
(对话 1 早上好。)
2: My name is Bob Fetterman.
(我叫鲍勃·费特曼。)
3: I'm the computer technician.
(我是电脑技术员。)
4: Didn't I call for you last week?
(我上周不是给你打过电话吗？)
5: Maybe.
(或许。)
6: I work for Alpha Maintenance.
(我在 Alpha Maintenance 工作。)
7: I imagine someone from your office called our
(我猜想你们办公室有人给我们打过电话。)
8: central office, and I'm the engineer designated to
(中心办公室，我是被指派的工程师)
9: your case.
(你的案子。)
10: Yeah, I spoke to a lady there last
(是的，我上次和那里的一位女士聊过。)
11: Tuesday, which is now 10 days ago.
(星期二，也就是10天前。)
12: I made it clear it was an urgent
(我明确表示这是件紧急的事。)
13: matter, and please, send someone as soon as
(这件事很重要，请尽快派人过来。)
14: possible.
(可能的。)
15: Couldn't you or someone else have come sooner?
(你或者其他人就不能早点来吗？)
16: I'm sorry, but I'm not in charge of
(抱歉，但我并不负责……)
17: scheduling or logistics.
(日程安排或物流。)
18: I simply do not know.
(我真的不知道。)
19: All I can tell you is I got
(我只能告诉你，我得到了)
20: the call this week and came as soon
(本周接到了电话，而且很快就打来了。)
21: as I could.
(尽我所能。)
22: I see.
(我懂了。)
23: Well, I'll have you know my manager is
(嗯，我得告诉你，我的经理是)
24: rather indignant that it's taken you this long
(相当愤慨你花了这么长时间才这么做)
25: to come.
(敬请期待。)
26: I understand it might not be your fault,
(我知道这可能不是你的错，)
27: but nevertheless, you should know what the feeling
(但是，你还是应该知道那种感觉。)
28: is around here.
(就在附近。)
29: I understand, and I'm sorry for any inconvenience.
(我明白了，对于给您带来的不便，我深表歉意。)
30: I will try to resolve your computer problem
(我会尽力解决你的电脑问题。)
31: as swiftly and optimally as I can.
(尽可能迅速、最佳地完成。)
32: What and where is the issue?
(问题是什么？问题出在哪里？)
33: It's this machine right here.
(就是这台机器。)
34: It was running slow for a while, I
(它运行速度一度很慢，我)
35: guess, and gradually got worse and worse.
(我猜，而且情况逐渐越来越糟。)
36: Last Tuesday, it just stopped working altogether.
(上周二，它突然就完全停止工作了。)
37: If you switch it on, you will see
(如果你把它打开，你就会看到)
38: what I mean.
(我的意思是。)
39: Okay.
(好的。)
40: Do you know if it's backed up?
(你知道它是否被备份了吗？)
41: Backed up?
(积压了吗？)
42: I mean, do you know if its contents
(我的意思是，你知道它的内容物吗？)
43: have been copied and saved somewhere else?
(是否已被复制并保存到其他地方？)
44: I don't know.
(我不知道。)
45: Well, depending on the ensuing operative scenario, if
(嗯，这取决于接下来的作战情况，如果)
46: I need to wipe the system directories clean
(我需要彻底清除系统目录。)
47: in order to reconfigure default protocols, then my
(为了重新配置默认协议，然后我的)
48: first intervention should be to intricately retrieve all
(首先应该采取的措施是仔细地回收所有)
49: inventories that I can.
(我可以清点的库存。)
50: Otherwise, all data that was stored on its
(否则，存储在其上的所有数据都将丢失。)
51: hard drive will be forever lost.
(硬盘将永远丢失。)
52: My manager would know.
(我的经理会知道的。)
53: Let me go get him.
(我去把他叫过来。)
54: Questions 1 to 4 are based on the
(第 1 至 4 题基于……)
55: conversation you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的对话。)
56: Question 1.
(问题 1.)
57: What did the woman do last Tuesday?
(上周二，这位女士做了什么？)
58: Question 2.
(问题 2.)
59: What does the man say he did when
(那人说他当时做了什么)
60: he got the call?
(他接到电话了吗？)
61: Question 3.
(问题 3.)
62: What is the feeling about the problem around
(大家对这个问题有什么感受？)
63: the woman's workplace?
(这位女士的工作场所？)
64: Question 4.
(问题 4.)
65: What does the woman say her manager would
(这位女士说她的经理会怎么做？)
66: know?
(知道？)
67: Conversation 2.
(对话 2.)
68: Have you given more thought to studying law?
(你有没有认真考虑过学习法律？)
69: I've been thinking about it a lot, yes.
(是的，我一直在思考这个问题。)
70: In fact, this is why I wished to
(事实上，这就是我希望……的原因)
71: speak to you.
(跟你说话。)
72: I wanted to hear more about what it's
(我想了解更多关于它的信息。)
73: like.
(喜欢。)
74: A career in law is a beautiful thing
(从事法律行业是一件美好的事情。)
75: in my opinion.
(在我看来。)
76: Many people will say it's a boring field,
(很多人会说这是一个枯燥的领域，)
77: but I disagree.
(但我不同意。)
78: The thing is, there are many different branches
(问题是，这里有很多不同的分支。)
79: of law and many different jobs.
(法律及许多其他职业。)
80: You are involved with buildings and construction, right?
(您从事建筑行业，对吗？)
81: Correct.
(正确的。)
82: I'm a solicitor specializing in real estate.
(我是一名专门从事房地产业务的律师。)
83: Most of my work involves mediating land disputes.
(我的大部分工作都涉及调解土地纠纷。)
84: Do you mind giving me an example?
(您能举个例子吗？)
85: Sure.
(当然。)
86: So, in many cases, I am employed to
(所以，在很多情况下，我的工作是……)
87: arbitrate between two clashing parties.
(调解冲突双方之间的纠纷。)
88: Let's say, for example, there are two landowners
(例如，假设有两个土地所有者)
89: who are in a thorny disagreement about something,
(他们之间就某事存在棘手的分歧，)
90: like the borders of their adjacent plots.
(就像它们相邻地块的边界一样。)
91: Someone may employ me to break the deadlock
(或许有人会雇佣我来打破僵局。)
92: and resolve the dispute.
(并解决争端。)
93: Often, my work involves negotiating agreements.
(我的工作经常涉及谈判协议。)
94: Plain and simple.
(简单明了。)
95: So, you are saying that a lot of
(所以，你的意思是说很多)
96: what you do is fix people's legal issues.
(你的工作是解决人们的法律问题。)
97: Like, you try to find a solution that
(比如，你试图找到一个解决方案，)
98: benefits everyone, and that prevents a problem from
(这有利于所有人，并且可以防止出现问题。)
99: escalating.
(事态升级。)
100: Exactly.
(确切地。)
101: Well put.
(说得好。)
102: You need to remember that courts, like all
(你需要记住，法院和所有法院一样。)
103: bureaucracies really, can be very messy, frustrating and
(官僚机构确实可能非常混乱、令人沮丧，而且)
104: expensive.
(昂贵的。)
105: For this reason, it's usually better to resolve
(因此，通常最好解决这个问题。)
106: problems outside of court whenever possible.
(尽可能在法庭外解决问题。)
107: I see.
(我懂了。)
108: So, besides knowing the law inside out, you
(所以，除了对法律了如指掌之外，你)
109: need good people skills, right?
(需要良好的人际交往能力，对吧？)
110: Of course.
(当然。)
111: Any job that involves people requires good interpersonal
(任何与人打交道的工作都需要良好的人际交往能力。)
112: skills, and any law professional needs to be
(技能，任何法律专业人士都需要具备这些技能。)
113: very eloquent at articulating their argument.
(他们非常善于阐述自己的论点。)
114: Right.
(正确的。)
115: So, I've been thinking about studying criminal law.
(所以，我一直在考虑学习刑法。)
116: I think it sounds very interesting.
(我觉得这听起来很有意思。)
117: Yes.
(是的。)
118: I'd say there's more money in property law,
(我认为房地产法领域更有赚钱的可能。)
119: but the stakes are higher in criminal law.
(但在刑法领域，风险更高。)
120: I can see how you would find it
(我能理解你为什么会这么觉得。)
121: more interesting.
(更有趣。)
122: Questions 5 to 8 are based on the
(第5题至第8题基于……)
123: conversation you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的对话。)
124: Question 5.
(问题 5.)
125: What will many people say about a career
(很多人会如何评价我的职业生涯？)
126: in law?
(姻亲？)
127: Question 6.
(问题 6。)
128: What does the man say most of his
(这个人大部分时间都在说什么？)
129: work involves?
(工作内容包括？)
130: Question 7.
(问题 7.)
131: Why does the man say it's usually better
(为什么这个人说通常情况下更好)
132: to resolve problems outside of court whenever possible?
(尽可能在庭外解决问题？)
133: Question 8.
(问题 8.)
134: What does the man think is required of
(这个人认为需要做什么？)
135: any law professional?
(任何法律专业人士？)
136: Passage 1.
(第一段。)
137: When a person tries to access a memory,
(当一个人试图提取一段记忆时，)
138: their brains quickly examine everything stored in it
(它们的大脑会迅速检查其中存储的所有内容。)
139: to find the relevant information.
(查找相关信息。)
140: But as we age, many of us have
(但随着年龄的增长，我们中的许多人……)
141: difficulty retrieving memories.
(难以回忆起往事。)
142: In a review published in the journal Trends
(在《趋势》杂志上发表的一篇评论中)
143: in Cognitive Sciences on February 11th, researchers propose
(2月11日，《认知科学》杂志刊登了研究人员的提议。)
144: an explanation for why this might be happening.
(对造成这种情况的原因做出解释。)
145: The brains of older adults allocate more space
(老年人的大脑会分配更多空间)
146: to accumulated knowledge and have more material to
(积累知识并拥有更多资料)
147: navigate when attempting to access memories.
(尝试访问记忆时进行导航。)
148: While this wealth of prior knowledge can make
(虽然这些丰富的先前知识可以)
149: memory retrieval challenging, the researchers say it has
(研究人员表示，记忆提取具有挑战性。)
150: its upsides.
(它的优点。)
151: This life experience can aid with creativity and
(这种生活经历有助于激发创造力，)
152: decision-making.
(决策。)
153: Researchers Tarek Amr, Jordana Nguyen, and Lynn Hasher
(研究人员 Tarek Amr、Jordana Nguyen 和 Lynn Hasher)
154: looked at several behavioral and brain imaging studies,
(查阅了几项行为学和脑成像研究，)
155: which show that older adults have difficulty suppressing
(这表明老年人难以抑制……)
156: information that is no longer relevant, and that
(不再相关的信息，以及)
157: when searching for a specific memory, they often
(在寻找特定记忆时，他们经常)
158: retrieve other irrelevant memories along with it.
(同时提取其他无关的记忆。)
159: The studies also showed that when given a
(研究还表明，当给予)
160: cognitive task, older adults rely more heavily on
(认知任务中，老年人更依赖于)
161: previous knowledge than younger adults do.
(与年轻人相比，他们拥有更丰富的先验知识。)
162: While the researchers focus primarily on the difficulties
(研究人员主要关注的是这些困难。)
163: that these disorderly, crowded memories may pose, they
(这些杂乱无章、拥挤不堪的记忆可能会造成什么影响？)
164: also highlight a few situations in which these
(此外，还重点介绍了一些此类情况。)
165: same memory patterns may be useful.
(相同的记忆模式可能有用。)
166: Evidence suggests that older adults show preserved and
(证据表明，老年人表现出保存完好且)
167: at times enhanced creativity as a function of
(有时，创造力会随着……而增强。)
168: enriched memories, the researchers write.
(研究人员写道，这丰富了记忆。)
169: They further hypothesize that older adults may be
(他们进一步假设老年人可能)
170: well-served by their prior knowledge when it
(他们先前的知识对他们大有裨益。)
171: comes to decision-making, where they can pull
(到了决策阶段，他们就能发挥作用。)
172: on their accumulated wisdom.
(凭借他们积累的智慧。)
173: 11.
(11.)
174: What do several behavioral and brain imaging studies
(几项行为学和脑成像研究)
175: show?
(展示？)
176: 11.
(11.)
177: What does evidence suggest regarding older adults?
(关于老年人，现有证据表明什么？)
178: 2.
(2.)
179: There are at least four major problems with
(至少存在四个主要问题)
180: work in America today.
(如今在美国工作。)
181: 1.
(1.)
182: Work can be alienating.
(工作可能会让人感到疏离。)
183: Workers are often not in control of how
(工人往往无法控制事情的进展方式)
184: they work, when they work, what is done
(他们工作，何时工作，做什么)
185: with the goods and services they produce, and
(以及他们所生产的商品和服务，)
186: what is done with the profits made from
(如何处理从……中获得的利润)
187: their work.
(他们的工作。)
188: 2.
(2.)
189: Workers are not paid the full value of
(工人没有拿到全部应得的报酬)
190: their labor.
(他们的劳动。)
191: Real wages have not kept pace with productivity,
(实际工资增长速度未能跟上生产率增长速度。)
192: driving economic inequality and a decline in labor's
(加剧经济不平等和劳动力市场萎缩)
193: share of income.
(收入份额。)
194: 3.
(3.)
195: People are time poor.
(人们都很缺时间。)
196: In the US, full-time employees work an
(在美国，全职员工的工作时间是……)
197: average of 8.72 hours per day, despite
(尽管平均每天使用时间为 8.72 小时，)
198: productivity increases.
(生产力提高。)
199: Long working hours contribute to the feeling of
(长时间工作会让人感到……)
200: time poverty, which has an adverse effect on
(时间贫困会对以下方面产生不利影响：)
201: psychological well-being.
(心理健康。)
202: 4.
(4.)
203: Automation puts jobs and wages at risk.
(自动化会使工作岗位和工资面临风险。)
204: Technological innovation could in theory liberate people from
(技术创新理论上可以将人们从……中解放出来)
205: the 40-hour work week, but unless changes
(每周40小时工作制，但除非发生变化。)
206: are made to the structure of work, automation
(是为了适应工作结构和自动化而制定的。)
207: will simply exert downward pressure on wages and
(只会对工资施加下行压力，而且)
208: further diminish work opportunities.
(进一步减少工作机会。)
209: So, what can be done to alleviate these
(那么，可以采取哪些措施来缓解这些问题呢？)
210: problems?
(有问题吗？)
211: There are competing visions of the best way
(对于最佳方式，存在着不同的观点。)
212: to arrive at a solution.
(找到解决方案。)
213: One vision is what's known as the post
(其中一种愿景被称为后)
214: -work position.
(工作职位。)
215: The post-work theorists believe that work should
(后工作理论家认为工作应该)
216: not hold a central position in our lives
(它在我们生活中并不占据中心地位)
217: or take up so much of our time.
(或者占用我们太多时间。)
218: They assert that, although doing some work might
(他们断言，尽管做一些工作可能)
219: be necessary, meaning, purpose and social value reside
(必要性、意义、目的和社会价值存在于)
220: in the communities and relationships built and sustained
(在已建立和维持的社区和关系中)
221: outside of the workplace.
(工作场所之外。)
222: Thus, life should be seen as an end
(因此，生命应被视为终点。)
223: in itself.
(本身。)
224: Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
(第 12 题至第 15 题基于……)
225: passage you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的这段话。)
226: Question 12.
(第 12 题。)
227: What do we learn about American workers from
(我们能从美国工人身上学到什么呢？)
228: the passage?
(这段文字？)
229: Question 13.
(问题 13。)
230: What does the passage say long working hours
(文章中提到长时间工作是什么意思？)
231: contribute to?
(贡献于？)
232: Question 14.
(问题 14。)
233: What does automation do according to the passage?
(根据文章所述，自动化做了什么？)
234: Question 15.
(问题 15。)
235: What do post-work theorists advocate?
(后工作理论家们提倡什么？)
236: Recording 1.
(录音 1.)
237: Recent studies show that self-control and persistence
(近期研究表明，自控力和毅力)
238: increase academic outcomes independent of IQ.
(提高学业成绩，与智商无关。)
239: Even our personal beliefs about effort can affect
(甚至我们个人对努力的看法也会产生影响。)
240: academic outcomes.
(学业成绩。)
241: Children who think effort leads to achievement outperform
(认为努力就能取得成就的孩子表现更佳。)
242: those who believe ability is a fixed trait.
(那些认为能力是固定不变的人。)
243: Given the link between persistence and academic success,
(鉴于坚持不懈与学业成功之间的联系，)
244: decisions about effort are particularly important in childhood.
(儿童时期，关于努力程度的决定尤为重要。)
245: Yet, relatively little research has explored how young
(然而，针对年轻人的研究相对较少。)
246: children learn what's worth the effort.
(孩子们会从中学会什么才是值得付出努力的。)
247: We all know that infants are keen observers
(我们都知道，婴儿都是敏锐的观察者。)
248: of the social world.
(社会领域。)
249: But they're not just idly watching.
(但他们并非只是袖手旁观。)
250: They are tiny learning machines.
(它们是微型学习机器。)
251: They can generalize such abstract concepts as causal
(它们可以将因果关系等抽象概念概括化。)
252: relationships and social roles from just a few
(仅从几个方面来看，人际关系和社会角色就足以说明问题。)
253: examples.
(例如。)
254: Even a 15-month-old infant can outperform
(即使是15个月大的婴儿也能表现出色)
255: a high-level computer in such tasks.
(执行此类任务的高级计算机。)
256: Could infants also make broad, generalizable inferences from
(婴儿是否也能从中得出广泛的、可概括的推论呢？)
257: a few examples when it comes to effort?
(举几个努力的例子？)
258: If so, then maybe persistence isn't simply a
(如果真是这样，那么或许坚持不仅仅是……)
259: character trait.
(性格特征。)
260: Maybe it's flexible and adaptable, based on social
(或许它灵活且适应性强，基于社交)
261: context.
(语境。)
262: To explore this question, we showed 15-month
(为了探讨这个问题，我们展示了15个月的数据。)
263: -old babies one of two things.
(-大婴儿有两种可能。)
264: An experimenter working hard to achieve two different
(一位实验者努力实现两种不同的目标)
265: goals, or an experimenter who effortlessly reached each
(目标，或者一位毫不费力地达到每个目标的实验者)
266: goal.
(目标。)
267: Then we introduced the baby to a novel
(然后我们给婴儿介绍了一部小说。)
268: music toy that seemed as if it could
(一个看起来好像可以的音乐玩具)
269: be activated by pushing a big button on
(按下大按钮即可激活)
270: top.
(顶部。)
271: The button could be pressed down but didn't
(按钮可以按下去，但却没有反应。)
272: actually activate anything.
(实际上激活了任何东西。)
273: Out of sight of babies, we turned on
(在婴儿看不到的地方，我们打开了)
274: the music toy with a hidden button, so
(那是一款带有隐藏按钮的音乐玩具，所以)
275: that they heard the toy making music.
(他们听到玩具发出音乐声。)
276: We gave the babies the music toy and
(我们把音乐玩具送给了孩子们。)
277: left the room.
(离开了房间。)
278: Then analysts, who didn't know which condition each
(然后是分析师，他们不知道每种情况的具体情况。)
279: baby was in, watched videotapes of the experiment
(婴儿当时在场，观看了实验录像带。)
280: and counted how many times babies tried to
(并统计了婴儿尝试的次数)
281: activate the toy by pressing the button.
(按下按钮即可启动玩具。)
282: Across one study and a pre-registered duplication,
(在一项研究和一项预先注册的重复研究中，)
283: babies who had seen an adult persist and
(见过成年人的婴儿会坚持下去)
284: succeed pushed the button about twice as many
(成功按下按钮的次数大约是原来的两倍)
285: times as those who saw an adult effortlessly
(那些毫不费力就能看到成年人的人，次数多于)
286: succeed.
(成功。)
287: In other words, babies learned that effort was
(换句话说，婴儿学会了努力)
288: valuable after watching just two examples of an
(仅仅观看了两个例子，就足以看出其价值所在。)
289: adult working hard and succeeding.
(努力工作并取得成功的成年人。)
290: Part of what's exciting about this finding is
(这项发现令人兴奋的地方之一是)
291: that the babies didn't just imitate the adult's
(婴儿们并非只是模仿成年人的行为。)
292: actions.
(行动。)
293: Instead, they generalized the value of effort to
(相反，他们将努力的价值普遍化了。)
294: a novel task.
(一项全新的任务。)
295: The experimenter never demonstrated pushing a button or
(实验者从未演示过按下按钮或)
296: trying to make music.
(尝试创作音乐。)
297: Instead, the babies learned from different examples of
(相反，婴儿们是从不同的例子中学习的。)
298: effortful actions that the new toy probably also
(新玩具可能也需要付出努力才能完成这些动作。)
299: required persistence.
(需要坚持不懈。)
300: Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
(第 16 至 18 题基于……)
301: recording you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的录音。)
302: Question 16.
(第16题。)
303: What does the speaker say even our personal
(演讲者说了什么，甚至包括我们个人的。)
304: beliefs about effort can do?
(关于努力的信念能做什么？)
305: Question 17.
(问题 17。)
306: How did the researchers turn on the music
(研究人员是如何打开音乐的)
307: toy in their experiment?
(他们实验中的玩具？)
308: Question 18.
(第18题。)
309: What could the infants do in the experiment,
(实验中婴儿们能做什么？)
310: according to the speaker?
(根据发言者的说法？)
311: According to...
(根据...)
312: If chronic lateness has taken over your life
(如果长期迟到已经占据了你的生活。)
313: and turned into a defining trait of who
(并成为该人的一个决定性特征)
314: you are, it's likely that you're losing out
(如果你是这样，你很可能会蒙受损失。)
315: on job offers, recreational opportunities, friendships, and more.
(包括工作机会、娱乐机会、友谊等等。)
316: If you're showing up late to your own
(如果你自己都迟到了)
317: life, get organized, prioritize punctuality, and address any
(生活要井井有条，准时守约至关重要，并解决任何问题。)
318: underlying causes.
(根本原因。)
319: When you have to be somewhere, try to
(当你必须去某个地方时，尽量)
320: arrive 15 to 30 minutes before you need
(请在您需要之前 15 至 30 分钟到达。)
321: to.
(到。)
322: If you always run late, that means you
(如果你总是迟到，那就意味着你)
323: must be failing to account for something you
(一定是忽略了某些你认为重要的事情。)
324: always do.
(一直都是这样。)
325: Anticipate that by giving yourself extra time to
(预料到，给自己预留额外的时间……)
326: arrive.
(到达。)
327: Keep track of whether or not you actually
(记录你是否真的)
328: do arrive early.
(请尽早到达。)
329: You might find that leaving early gets you
(你可能会发现早退会让你……)
330: to places exactly on time.
(准时到达目的地。)
331: Set two alarms.
(设置两个闹钟。)
332: Set one alarm that lets you know it's
(设置一个闹钟，提醒你该什么时候到了)
333: time to drop what you're doing, and a
(是时候放下你正在做的事情了，)
334: second alarm that means you need to walk
(第二个警报意味着你需要步行)
335: out the door.
(出门了。)
336: Obey the alarms.
(听从警报。)
337: As soon as the first alarm goes off,
(第一声警报响起后，)
338: stop what you're doing.
(停下你正在做的事情。)
339: If it's something you'll be coming back to,
(如果你以后还会再来，)
340: like a project for work, make a note
(就像工作项目一样，记下来)
341: to remind yourself where you left off.
(提醒自己上次做到哪儿了。)
342: Grab everything you need and make sure you
(带上你需要的所有东西，并确保……)
343: know how to get where you're going.
(知道如何到达目的地。)
344: Aim to be out the door and on
(争取早点出门。)
345: your way before the second alarm rings.
(在第二个警报响起之前，你就能找到出路。)
346: This will only work if you take the
(只有当你采取以下措施时，这才会奏效)
347: alarms seriously, so make sure you react as
(警报非常重要，所以务必立即采取行动。)
348: soon as you hear them.
(你一听到它们就立刻。)
349: Prepare for the day ahead.
(为即将到来的一天做好准备。)
350: Have all of your notes and materials organized
(请将所有笔记和资料整理好。)
351: well in advance of each event, so that
(提前做好每项活动的准备，以便)
352: all you have to do is grab them
(你只需要抓住它们就行了。)
353: and go when it's the actual day.
(等到婚礼当天再去。)
354: If mornings are a struggle for you, do
(如果你早上起床很困难，那就……)
355: as much as you can to ready yourself
(尽可能做好准备)
356: the night before.
(前一天晚上。)
357: Before you go to bed, lay out your
(睡觉前，把你的……)
358: clothes and pack your bag for the next
(把衣服和行李收拾好，准备迎接下一个目的地)
359: day.
(天。)
360: Learn to leave time in between tasks and
(学会在各项任务之间留出时间，)
361: meetings.
(会议。)
362: It soon becomes unbearable to shift between one
(在两者之间切换很快就会变得难以忍受)
363: meeting and another without space in between.
(两个会议之间没有间隔。)
364: If you overschedule yourself, however, you'll arrive late
(但是，如果你把行程安排得太满，就会迟到。)
365: as soon as you hit a bump.
(一旦遇到颠簸。)
366: As well as giving you space, this time
(除了给你空间之外，这段时间)
367: also acts as a buffer between events, which
(它还起到事件之间的缓冲作用，)
368: can be borrowed from should you be held
(可以从以下途径借用：如果您被持有)
369: up in a prior meeting, allowing you to
(在之前的会议中已经提出，这使您能够)
370: still get to the next one on time.
(仍然能准时到达下一个地点。)
371: Calculate transit time between activities and then add
(计算各项活动之间的运输时间，然后相加)
372: 10 to 30 minutes for unexpected delays.
(10 至 30 分钟以应对意外延误。)
373: Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
(第 19 题至第 21 题基于……)
374: recording you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的录音。)
375: Question 19.
(第 19 题。)
376: What is the speaker's purpose of giving this
(演讲者这样做的目的是什么？)
377: talk?
(讲话？)
378: Question 20.
(第 20 题。)
379: What should you do if mornings are a
(如果早晨……你应该怎么办？)
380: struggle for you?
(对你来说很艰难吗？)
381: Question 21.
(第21题。)
382: According to the speaker, what can we do
(根据发言者的说法，我们能做什么？)
383: to combat unexpected delays?
(如何应对意外延误？)
384: Recording 3.
(录音 3。)
385: Do you think Bostonians put out the welcome
(你认为波士顿人热情好客吗？)
386: along with?
(还有什么？)
387: Do you find other cities to be more
(你觉得其他城市更……)
388: or less polite?
(或者不那么礼貌？)
389: Different cities have different feels for visitors.
(不同的城市给游客带来不同的感受。)
390: Some are friendly and open.
(有些性格友善开朗。)
391: Some are formal and distant.
(有些正式而疏远。)
392: Boston tends to seem hurried and sometimes a
(波士顿似乎总是节奏很快，有时……)
393: little rude.
(有点粗鲁。)
394: That's what some tourists have said.
(有些游客是这么说的。)
395: One study found that people here are less
(一项研究发现，这里的人们较少)
396: willing to volunteer to help strangers than those
(比那些更愿意志愿帮助陌生人的人)
397: residents of other US cities.
(美国其他城市的居民。)
398: Take a close look next time you're in
(下次你进去的时候仔细看看。)
399: Boston and here are some of the things
(波士顿，以下是一些相关内容)
400: you'll probably see.
(你大概会看到的。)
401: People smoking in the subway stations despite the
(尽管……，仍有人在地铁站吸烟)
402: frequent reminders not to do so.
(反复提醒不要这样做。)
403: Pedestrians walking when the crosswalk lights say not
(行人明明人行横道信号灯显示“禁止通行”，却仍然行走。)
404: to do so, ignoring the cars.
(这样做，却忽略了汽车。)
405: Car drivers speeding, making a loud noise with
(汽车司机超速行驶，发出巨大的噪音)
406: the horn and occasionally cursing at each other.
(鸣笛，偶尔还会互相咒骂。)
407: Drivers who can't be bothered to find a
(懒得找路的司机)
408: place to park but instead simply turn on
(本来应该有地方停车，但其实只需打开电源即可。)
409: their blinker and stop in the middle of
(他们打转向灯，然后停在了路中间)
410: the street.
(街道。)
411: Sometimes Bostonians seem like they're just too busy
(有时候波士顿人看起来好像太忙了。)
412: to be polite.
(出于礼貌。)
413: Why is their city like that?
(他们的城市为什么会是那样？)
414: Former US representative Chester Atkins says it's because
(美国前众议员切斯特·阿特金斯说，这是因为)
415: the Puritan founding fathers were themselves impatient and
(清教徒的开国元勋们自己就缺乏耐心，)
416: bad-tempered and had little time for courtesy.
(脾气暴躁，缺乏礼貌。)
417: That culture has carried down to the present
(这种文化一直延续至今。)
418: day he believes.
(他相信的那一天。)
419: Boston college professor Thomas O'Connor thinks a
(波士顿学院教授托马斯·奥康纳认为)
420: contributing factor is Boston's history as a city
(促成因素之一是波士顿作为一座城市的历史。)
421: where each new group of immigrants was treated
(每一批新移民都受到对待)
422: with suspicion and exclusion.
(带着怀疑和排斥。)
423: That's given Boston a sense of clannishness and
(这使得波士顿有一种宗族主义的氛围。)
424: reserve he thinks.
(他认为应该保留实力。)
425: The idea of a stranger greeting another stranger
(陌生人向另一个陌生人打招呼的想法)
426: is simply not part of the local culture
(这根本不是当地文化的一部分。)
427: he says.
(他说。)
428: People will begin a conversation with someone they
(人们会开始与某人交谈。)
429: know but not with a stranger.
(认识，但不是和陌生人。)
430: Ralph Whitehead, a professor of journalism at the
(拉尔夫·怀特黑德，新闻学教授)
431: University of Massachusetts at Amherst thinks it's because
(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校认为这是因为)
432: Boston's upper class used manners to make class
(波士顿上流社会利用礼仪来彰显阶级地位。)
433: distinctions.
(区别。)
434: By being snobbish about manners proper Bostonians made
(波士顿上流人士对礼仪的讲究，造就了他们的优越感。)
435: other people scornful of courtesy he says.
(他说，其他人则蔑视礼貌。)
436: Some say that's just the way Boston is
(有人说，波士顿就是这样。)
437: and that the city will never change.
(这座城市永远不会改变。)
438: Still other cities with reputations for worse rudeness
(还有一些城市，以更粗鲁的举止而闻名。)
439: are trying hard to change their images.
(他们正努力改变自己的形象。)
440: Paris is one example where people are trying
(巴黎就是一个例子，那里的人们正在努力)
441: to be friendly.
(要友善。)
442: New York City is another.
(纽约市是另一个例子。)
443: There the city is trying to persuade subway
(那里市政府正试图说服地铁)
444: riders to be more considerate.
(骑手们要更加体谅他人。)
445: If those cities can make the effort maybe
(如果这些城市能够付出努力的话，也许)
446: Boston should as well.
(波士顿也应该如此。)
447: Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
(第 22 题至第 25 题基于……)
448: recording you have just heard.
(你刚才听到的录音。)
449: Question 22.
(问题 22。)
450: What do visitors find about the cities they've
(游客们对他们游览过的城市有什么发现？)
451: been to?
(去过吗？)
452: Question 23.
(第 23 题。)
453: What did one city find about Bostonians compared
(一个城市对波士顿人进行了哪些比较研究，结果如何？)
454: with residents of other U.S. cities?
(与其他美国城市的居民一起？)
455: Question 24.
(第24题。)
456: What does Thomas O'Connor say about the
(托马斯·奥康纳对……有什么看法？)
457: idea of strangers greeting one another?
(陌生人互相问候的想法？)
458: 25.
(25.)
459: What does the speaker think Boston should do?
(演讲者认为波士顿应该怎么做？)