1: In this
(在此)
2: part,
(部分，)
3: there are three sections.
(有三个部分。)
4: You will hear two long conversations in section
(您将在本节中听到两段长对话)
5: A, two passages in section B, and three
(A、B 部分中的两段，以及三段)
6: lectures or talks in section C.
(C 部分的讲座或演讲。)
7: in section C.
(位于 C 部分。)
8: At the end of each conversation, passage and
(在每个对话、段落和)
9: lecture or talk, there are a number of
(讲座或演讲，有很多)
10: questions.
(问题。)
11: All the listening materials and questions will be
(所有听力材料和问题将)
12: spoken only once.
(只讲过一次。)
13: After you hear a question, you must choose
(听完问题后你必须选择)
14: the best answer from the four choices marked
(标记的四个选项中的最佳答案)
15: A, B, C and D.
(A、B、C 和 D。)
16: Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet
(然后在答题纸上标记相应的字母)
17: 1 with a single line through the censor.
(1 用一条线穿过审查员。)
18: In this part, there are three sections.
(本部分共分三节。)
19: You will hear two long conversations in section
(您将在本节中听到两段长对话)
20: A, two passages in section B and three
(A、B 部分中的两段和三段)
21: lectures or talks in section C.
(C 部分的讲座或演讲。)
22: At the end of each conversation, passage and
(在每个对话、段落和)
23: lecture or talk, there are a number of
(讲座或演讲，有很多)
24: questions.
(问题。)
25: All the listening materials and questions will be
(所有听力材料和问题将)
26: spoken only once.
(只讲过一次。)
27: After you hear a question, you must choose
(听完问题后你必须选择)
28: the best answer from the four choices marked
(标记的四个选项中的最佳答案)
29: A, B, C and D.
(A、B、C 和 D。)
30: Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet
(然后在答题纸上标记相应的字母)
31: 1 with a single line through the censor.
(1 用一条线穿过审查员。)
32: College English Test, Band 6, Part 2, Listening
(大学英语六级考试第二部分听力)
33: Comprehension, Section A, Directions.
(理解，A 部分，说明。)
34: In this section, you will hear two long
(在本节中，你将听到两个长)
35: conversations.
(对话。)
36: At the end of each conversation, you will
(每次对话结束时，你将)
37: hear four questions.
(听四个问题。)
38: Both the conversation and the questions will be
(对话和问题都将)
39: spoken only once.
(只讲过一次。)
40: After you hear a question, you must choose
(听完问题后你必须选择)
41: the best answer from the four choices marked
(标记的四个选项中的最佳答案)
42: A, B, C and D.
(A、B、C 和 D。)
43: Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet
(然后在答题纸上标记相应的字母)
44: 1 with a single line through the censor.
(1 用一条线穿过审查员。)
45: Conversation 1.
(对话 1。)
46: So, I've been thinking, this summer, instead of
(所以，我一直在想，今年夏天，)
47: our usual holiday rental, I'd like to try
(我们通常的度假租赁，我想尝试一下)
48: renting a camper van and exploring a bit
(租一辆露营车去探索一下)
49: more.
(更多的。)
50: A camper van?
(露营车？)
51: You mean to spend the summer living out
(你的意思是在外面度过夏天)
52: of a car?
(汽车？)
53: Yes, a camper van.
(是的，一辆露营车。)
54: And no, it's nothing like living out of
(不，这与生活在)
55: a car.
(一辆车。)
56: These are proper vans with full-size beds
(这些都是配有全尺寸床的正规货车)
57: to sleep in.
(睡懒觉。)
58: Some even have kitchens.
(有些甚至有厨房。)
59: This way, we wouldn't have to be locked
(这样，我们就不用被锁起来了)
60: into one place during our holiday.
(在我们的假期中聚集到一个地方。)
61: We'd be able to visit so many more
(我们可以去更多地方)
62: places and travel at our own pace.
(的地方，并按照自己的节奏旅行。)
63: The rates of most hotels and holiday homes
(大多数酒店和度假屋的价格)
64: really soar in the summer anyway.
(无论如何，夏天确实会飙升。)
65: We'd probably save a lot of money as
(我们可能会节省很多钱，因为)
66: well.
(出色地。)
67: I think my grandfather had a van like
(我觉得我祖父有一辆货车)
68: that.
(那。)
69: It doesn't sound that appealing to me.
(对我来说这听起来不太有吸引力。)
70: Today's camper vans are completely different.
(如今的露营车已经完全不同了。)
71: These days, they're equipped with all the modern
(如今，它们配备了所有现代化的)
72: comforts.
(舒适。)
73: I've seen quite a few with solar panels
(我见过不少带太阳能电池板的)
74: that provide electricity for when you're stopped.
(当你停车时提供电力。)
75: This way, you can still use your computer
(这样你仍然可以使用你的电脑)
76: or charge your phone.
(或者给您的手机充电。)
77: And most even have Wi-Fi, so if
(而且大多数都有 Wi-Fi，所以如果)
78: the weather's not great, you could stream videos.
(天气不太好，你可以播放视频。)
79: I'm warming up to the idea.
(我渐渐接受了这个想法。)
80: Keep talking.
(继续说。)
81: Loads of people are committing to this trend
(很多人都在追随这一潮流)
82: full-time.
(全日制。)
83: Check it out online.
(在网上查一下。)
84: Lots of people stream videos of their alternative
(许多人会观看自己喜欢的视频)
85: lifestyles and actually earn a salary.
(生活方式并真正赚取薪水。)
86: Imagine having that kind of freedom to go
(想象一下拥有这样的自由)
87: anywhere you want and work from anywhere in
(您可以在任何地方工作)
88: the world.
(世界。)
89: OK, we can consider it.
(好的，我们可以考虑。)
90: As long as the basic needs like toilet
(只要满足厕所等基本需求)
91: and showers are covered, I'm definitely in.
(并且淋浴有遮盖，我肯定会去。)
92: Do you think there'll be enough room for
(你认为有足够的空间吗)
93: my mountain bike?
(我的山地自行车？)
94: What about food delivery?
(那送餐服务怎么样？)
95: Will we be able to order to the
(我们能订购吗)
96: van?
(经过？)
97: Will there be enough space for the dog?
(那里有足够的空间给狗吗？)
98: We wouldn't want to leave him behind.
(我们不想抛弃他。)
99: Slow down.
(减速。)
100: Glad you're excited about it.
(很高兴你对此感到兴奋。)
101: Let's start by looking at what's available first.
(我们先来看一下有哪些可用内容。)
102: Questions 1 to 4 are based on the
(问题 1 至 4 基于)
103: conversation you have just heard.
(您刚才听到的对话。)
104: Question 1.
(问题 1.)
105: What has the woman been thinking of doing
(女人一直在想什么)
106: for this summer?
(今年夏天？)
107: Question 2.
(问题2.)
108: What do we learn about the man's grandfather
(我们对这名男子的祖父了解多少)
109: from the conversation?
(从谈话中？)
110: Question 3.
(问题3.)
111: What can many camper vans do nowadays, according
(如今，许多露营车都能做什么？)
112: to the woman?
(对女人来说？)
113: Question 4.
(问题4.)
114: What idea does the woman find attractive?
(女人认为什么想法有吸引力？)
115: Conversation 2.
(对话 2。)
116: You wanted to see me?
(你想见我吗？)
117: Yes, I'll get straight to the point.
(是的，我会直接说重点。)
118: Over the past month or so, it has
(在过去一个月左右的时间里，)
119: become apparent that your performance has dipped.
(显然你的表现已经下降了。)
120: You've been late to work several times these
(这些天你已经迟到了好几次了)
121: past few weeks, which is very uncharacteristic of
(过去几周，这种情况很不寻常)
122: you.
(你。)
123: But what really concerns me is your curtailed
(但真正让我担心的是你的)
124: output.
(输出。)
125: Lately, you seem to be constantly one step
(最近，你似乎总是一步一步)
126: behind.
(在后面。)
127: What's going on?
(这是怎么回事？)
128: I'm sorry.
(对不起。)
129: I'm going through some unfortunate family issues at
(我正经历一些不幸的家庭问题)
130: the moment.
(此刻。)
131: It's a personal matter, so if you don't
(这是个人问题，所以如果你不)
132: mind, I much prefer we don't get into
(记住，我更希望我们不要陷入)
133: it.
(它。)
134: Nevertheless, I expect it to have all blown
(尽管如此，我预计这一切都会结束)
135: over in another month or so.
(再过一个月左右就结束了。)
136: Do you need some time off?
(你需要休息一段时间吗？)
137: Actually, yes.
(事实上，是的。)
138: Would it be possible to take the next
(是否可以采取下一个)
139: two Mondays off?
(两个星期一休息吗？)
140: I was deliberating whether I should ask for
(我正在考虑是否应该要求)
141: this, but now that we're here…
(这个，但是现在我们到了这里……)
142: Sure thing.
(当然可以。)
143: But if you needed some leave, why didn't
(但如果你需要休假，为什么不)
144: you ask for it earlier?
(你早点要求吗？)
145: I'm not sure why.
(我不知道为什么。)
146: I guess I kind of felt bad asking
(我觉得问这个问题有点不好意思)
147: for it.
(为了它。)
148: You shouldn't feel bad asking for leave, especially
(你不应该因为请假而感到难过，尤其是)
149: if you need it.
(如果你需要它。)
150: I know.
(我知道。)
151: You're right.
(你说得对。)
152: I'm sorry.
(对不起。)
153: Look, you've been with us almost five years,
(瞧，你已经和我们在一起快五年了，)
154: and I personally really value your proficiency at
(我个人非常看重你的熟练程度)
155: your job.
(你的工作。)
156: It makes my job far easier.
(它使我的工作变得容易多了。)
157: In addition, I can assure you that management
(此外，我可以向你保证，管理层)
158: as a whole also holds you in high
(作为一个整体也让你处于高位)
159: regard.
(看待。)
160: Thank you.
(谢谢。)
161: What I need is for you to be
(我需要的是)
162: back at your 100%.
(恢复 100%。)
163: Are you sure taking two Mondays off will
(你确定休息两个星期一会)
164: suffice?
(够了吗？)
165: It'll be enough.
(这就足够了。)
166: I'm sure of it.
(我确信如此。)
167: Okay, good.
(好的，很好。)
168: So this is what we're going to do.
(这就是我们要做的。)
169: You will take those days off, and I
(你会休息这些天，而我)
170: expect that you will gradually come back to
(希望你会逐渐回到)
171: your usual self.
(和平时一样。)
172: Then, in two months' time, we will catch
(然后，两个月后，我们就会赶上)
173: up again to see how you are faring.
(再次查看你的表现如何。)
174: Sounds good.
(听起来不错。)
175: Thank you for your understanding.
(感谢您的理解。)
176: Questions 5 to 8 are based on the
(问题 5 至 8 基于)
177: conversation you have just heard.
(您刚才听到的对话。)
178: Question 5.
(问题5.)
179: What do we learn about the woman from
(我们从这个女人身上学到了什么)
180: the man's description?
(该男子的描述？)
181: Question 6.
(问题6.)
182: What does the woman say she's experiencing at
(女人说她在)
183: the moment?
(此刻？)
184: Question 7.
(问题7.)
185: What does the man say makes his job
(男人说什么让他的工作)
186: far easier?
(容易得多？)
187: Question 8.
(问题 8.)
188: What agreement have the speakers reached by the
(发言人达成了哪些协议？)
189: end of the conversation?
(谈话结束了吗？)
190: Section B.
(B 部分。)
191: Directions.
(方向。)
192: In this section, you will hear two passages.
(在这一部分中，您将听到两段文字。)
193: At the end of each passage, you will
(在每篇文章的结尾，你将)
194: hear three or four questions.
(听到三到四个问题。)
195: Both the passage and the questions will be
(文章和问题都将)
196: spoken only once.
(只讲过一次。)
197: After you hear a question, you must choose
(听完问题后你必须选择)
198: the best answer from the four choices marked
(标记的四个选项中的最佳答案)
199: A, B, C, and D.
(A、B、C 和 D。)
200: Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
(然后在答题纸上标记相应的字母)
201: 1 with a single line through the answer.
(1 用一条线划掉答案。)
202: Passage 1.
(段落1。)
203: There are many factors that impact our health.
(有很多因素影响我们的健康。)
204: These include our finances, our emotions, and the
(其中包括我们的财务状况、我们的情绪以及)
205: way we work.
(我们的工作方式。)
206: Education is one such factor.
(教育就是其中一个因素。)
207: Research suggests that higher levels of education can
(研究表明，更高水平的教育可以)
208: lead to better health and even greater longevity.
(带来更健康、甚至更长寿。)
209: But what about the education of your partner?
(但是你的伴侣的教育程度如何呢？)
210: New research seeks to answer this question.
(新的研究试图回答这个问题。)
211: Researchers use data from a longitudinal study.
(研究人员使用纵向研究的数据。)
212: The data came from surveys first administered to
(这些数据来自对)
213: high school seniors in 1957.
(1957 年的高中毕业生。)
214: The surveys ended in 2011.
(调查于 2011 年结束。)
215: The team found that a person whose spouse
(研究小组发现，如果一个人的配偶)
216: had a higher level of education tended to
(受教育程度较高者往往)
217: report better health.
(报告健康状况有所改善。)
218: This remained the case when adjusting for other
(调整其他因素后，情况依然如此)
219: factors, such as participants' own education, social background,
(因素，例如参与者自身的教育、社会背景、)
220: and health status before and after marriage.
(以及婚前婚后的健康状况。)
221: The authors suggest that high levels of education
(作者认为，高水平的教育)
222: provide shared social, intellectual, emotional, and financial resources.
(提供共享的社会、智力、情感和财政资源。)
223: These include things like higher levels of emotional
(其中包括更高水平的情绪)
224: intelligence, particular skills or knowledge, or more money.
(智力、特殊技能或知识、或更多的金钱。)
225: The researchers concede that an individual's own level
(研究人员承认，一个人的自身水平)
226: of education is clearly important for their health,
(教育对他们的健康显然很重要，)
227: but they assert that individuals also can reap
(但他们断言，个人也可以收获)
228: the benefits of their partner's education.
(伴侣所受教育带来的好处。)
229: It is noteworthy that the effects varied by
(值得注意的是，效果因)
230: gender.
(性别。)
231: For women, health was more closely correlated to
(对于女性来说，健康与以下因素更密切相关：)
232: their spouse's education than for men.
(配偶的受教育程度高于男性。)
233: The team suggests this may be related to
(研究小组认为这可能与)
234: the time period of the study.
(研究的时间段。)
235: Women in this sample had lower levels of
(本样本中的女性)
236: education and lower occupational achievements than the men.
(受教育程度和职业成就均低于男性。)
237: The researchers' hypothesis is that this made the
(研究人员的假设是，这使得)
238: husband's resources more likely to have a shared
(丈夫的资源更有可能共享)
239: impact.
(影响。)
240: Questions 9 to 11 are based on the
(问题 9 至 11 基于)
241: passage you have just heard.
(您刚刚听到的段落。)
242: Question 9.
(问题 9.)
243: What does research suggest about a higher level
(研究对更高水平有何启示)
244: of education?
(教育)
245: Question 10.
(问题 10.)
246: What do we learn from the finding of
(我们从中学到什么)
247: the new research?
(新的研究？)
248: Question 11.
(问题 11.)
249: What does the passage say about the men
(这篇文章是如何描述男人的)
250: in the sample of the new research?
(在新的研究样本中？)
251: Passage 2.
(段落2。)
252: Climate scientists predict that many parts of the
(气候科学家预测，)
253: world will be increasingly prone to floods.
(全球将越来越容易遭受洪水灾害。)
254: This is a serious risk to human lives
(这对人类生命构成严重威胁)
255: and property, so understanding and accurately forecasting flood
(和财产，因此了解和准确预测洪水)
256: risks is a key challenge for vulnerable cities
(风险是脆弱城市面临的主要挑战)
257: around the globe.
(遍布全球。)
258: In 2017, Derek Loftus of the Virginia Institute
(2017 年，弗吉尼亚研究所的 Derek Loftus)
259: of Marine Science started a project called Catch
(海洋科学学院启动了一个名为“Catch”的项目)
260: the King.
(国王。)
261: It uses a smartphone app to collect the
(它使用智能手机应用程序来收集)
262: data of ordinary citizens during high tides.
(涨潮期间普通公民的数据。)
263: He'll use those data to validate and improve
(他将利用这些数据来验证和改进)
264: his mathematical flooding model called TideWatch.
(他的数学洪水模型称为TideWatch。)
265: Loftus' mission is to know where the water
(洛夫特斯的任务是了解水源)
266: goes before it goes there.
(在它到达那里之前。)
267: But collecting necessary data and then processing that
(但收集必要的数据然后处理)
268: information quickly enough to make usable forecasts is
(足够快地获取信息以做出可用的预测)
269: anything but easy.
(绝非易事。)
270: Accurate flood forecasts require an understanding of the
(准确的洪水预报需要了解)
271: situation on the ground.
(当地情况。)
272: By the early 2000s, supercomputing had advanced enough
(到 21 世纪初，超级计算已经足够先进)
273: that scientists could integrate weather forecasting models with
(科学家可以将天气预报模型与)
274: such measurements.
(这样的测量。)
275: But they still didn't have the critically important
(但他们仍然没有至关重要的)
276: ability to forecast fast-moving floods in real
(能够实时预测快速流动的洪水)
277: time.
(时间。)
278: So, in 2017, Loftus and colleagues set up
(因此，2017 年，洛夫特斯和同事们成立了)
279: a group of 28 internet-connected water level
(一组28个联网的水位)
280: sensors throughout the flood risk community of Norfolk,
(诺福克郡洪水风险社区各处的传感器，)
281: Virginia.
(弗吉尼亚。)
282: The new sensors relay rough measurements about water
(新的传感器传递有关水的粗略测量数据)
283: height and movement to a computer at the
(高度和运动到计算机)
284: Virginia Institute.
(弗吉尼亚研究所。)
285: Along with those sensors, hundreds of local citizens
(除了这些传感器之外，数百名当地居民)
286: take photos of rising tides and transmit them
(拍摄潮汐涨潮的照片并传输)
287: real-time to the Institute.
(实时向研究所发送。)
288: Scientists hope that the data collected by these
(科学家希望这些收集的数据)
289: citizens can help sharpen the ability to forecast
(公民可以帮助提高预测能力)
290: exactly when and where damaging floods will occur.
(破坏性洪水将在何时何地发生。)
291: Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
(问题 12 至 15 基于)
292: passage you have just heard.
(您刚刚听到的段落。)
293: Question 12.
(问题 12.)
294: What is said to be a key challenge
(据称，最大的挑战是什么)
295: for cities prone to floods?
(对于容易遭受洪水侵袭的城市来说？)
296: Question 13.
(问题 13.)
297: For what purpose does Derek Loftus collect the
(Derek Loftus 收集)
298: data of ordinary citizens during high tides?
(涨潮时普通公民的数据呢？)
299: Question 14.
(问题 14.)
300: What does the passage say is Derek Loftus'
(这篇文章说的是德里克·洛夫特斯的)
301: mission?
(使命？)
302: Question 15.
(问题 15.)
303: What did Loftus and his colleagues do to
(洛夫特斯和他的同事们做了什么)
304: obtain data about water height and movement?
(获取有关水位和水流的数据？)
305: Section C.
(C 部分。)
306: Directions.
(方向。)
307: In this section, you will hear three recordings
(在这一部分，你将听到三段录音)
308: of lectures or talks followed by three or
(讲座或演讲，随后三到)
309: four questions.
(四个问题。)
310: The recordings will be played only once.
(录音只会播放一次。)
311: After you hear a question, you must choose
(听完问题后你必须选择)
312: the best answer from the four choices marked
(标记的四个选项中的最佳答案)
313: A, B, C, and D.
(A、B、C 和 D。)
314: Then, mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet
(然后在答题纸上标记相应的字母)
315: 1 with a single line through the centre.
(1 一条线穿过中心。)
316: Recording 1.
(录音1。)
317: Now, it's become something of a ritual to
(现在，这已经成为一种仪式)
318: debate the value of a college degree.
(讨论大学学位的价值。)
319: But, as current population survey data show, there
(但根据目前的人口调查数据，)
320: has been a sharp decline in employment among
(就业人数急剧下降)
321: men without college degrees compared with those who
(与没有大学学历的男性相比)
322: have them.
(拥有它们。)
323: This decline began in the 1960s and has
(这种下降趋势始于 20 世纪 60 年代，)
324: become more serious over time.
(随着时间的推移变得更加严重。)
325: What has actually caused this decline?
(究竟是什么原因导致了这种下降？)
326: Well, economists have been working to ascertain the
(经济学家一直在努力确定)
327: roots of the decline for decades and have
(几十年来衰落的根源，并且)
328: come up with several theories.
(提出几种理论。)
329: One popular theory is that it's a case
(一个流行的理论是，这是一个案例)
330: of too low wages for jobs that don't
(工资太低的工作)
331: require a degree.
(需要学位。)
332: An alternate theory is that there were more
(另一种理论是，)
333: jobs not requiring a college degree in the
(不需要大学学位的工作)
334: past than now.
(过去比现在更早。)
335: A recent working paper from the National Bureau
(国家统计局最近的一份工作文件)
336: of Economic Research reviewed those theories and put
(经济研究回顾了这些理论，并提出)
337: forward additional hypotheses about the causes of the
(提出关于原因的更多假设)
338: problem.
(问题。)
339: Let's look at that paper now.
(现在我们来看看那篇论文。)
340: First, the researchers considered the issue of wages.
(首先，研究人员考虑了工资问题。)
341: As the wage gap has grown between those
(随着工资差距不断扩大)
342: with college degrees and those without, economists have
(有大学学位的人和没有大学学位的人，经济学家们)
343: suggested that men aren't as interested in some
(暗示男性对某些)
344: of the less lucrative jobs.
(那些收入较低的工作。)
345: While the authors of the paper found truth
(虽然论文作者发现了真相)
346: in this explanation, they assert that low wages
(在这种解释中，他们断言低工资)
347: can't be the only factor, as wages for
(不能成为唯一因素，因为工资)
348: men without college degrees, adjusting for inflation, haven't
(考虑到通货膨胀因素，没有大学学历的男性)
349: changed much since the 1960s, making it hard
(自 20 世纪 60 年代以来发生了很大变化，)
350: to see why fewer men seem willing to
(看看为什么越来越少的男人愿意)
351: accept those wages.
(接受这些工资。)
352: This leads to the second theory, that more
(这引出了第二种理论，即更多)
353: jobs require a degree today than in the
(如今，工作对学位的要求比过去高得多)
354: past.
(过去的。)
355: Indeed, that theory seems valid, because in America
(事实上，这个理论似乎是正确的，因为在美国)
356: today, two-thirds of jobs are filled by
(如今，三分之二的工作岗位由)
357: workers with at least some college education.
(至少受过大学教育的工人。)
358: However, the authors of the paper argue that
(然而，该论文的作者认为)
359: there are other factors amplifying the problem.
(还有其他因素加剧了这一问题。)
360: They identified two new potential explanations, the first
(他们发现了两个新的潜在解释，第一个)
361: being the tremendous decline in marriage among men
(男性结婚率大幅下降)
362: without college degrees since the 1960s, and the
(自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，没有大学学位，)
363: second being the increase in women participating in
(第二是女性参与率的提高)
364: the workforce that was concurrent with the decline
(与衰退同时发生的劳动力)
365: in marriage.
(在婚姻中。)
366: These two changes mean that men might not
(这两项变化意味着男性可能不会)
367: have families to support, or if they do,
(有家庭需要赡养，或者如果有的话，)
368: their wives might be doing more of the
(他们的妻子可能会做更多)
369: providing, both of which might remove the financial
(提供，两者都可能消除财务)
370: incentive to work.
(工作的动力。)
371: The authors of the paper concede that research
(该论文的作者承认，研究)
372: on the subject isn't complete, but they argue
(关于这个问题的讨论并不完整，但他们争论道)
373: that their work supports the value of a
(他们的工作支持)
374: college education.
(大学教育。)
375: Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
(问题 16 至 18 基于)
376: recording you have just heard.
(您刚刚听到的录音。)
377: Question 16.
(问题 16.)
378: What does the speaker say has become something
(演讲者说了什么变成了什么)
379: of a ritual?
(仪式？)
380: Question 17.
(问题 17.)
381: What did the researchers of a recent working
(最近一项研究的研究人员)
382: paper consider first?
(论文先考虑吗？)
383: Question 18.
(问题 18.)
384: What did the recent paper identify as a
(最近的论文将什么定义为)
385: new potential explanation of the problem concerning men's
(关于男性问题的新的潜在解释)
386: employment?
(就業？)
387: Recording 2.
(录音2。)
388: While an increasing number of people are trying
(虽然越来越多的人正在尝试)
389: to eat less meat, a market research team
(少吃肉，一个市场研究小组)
390: has found in its latest fashion and sustainability
(在其最新时尚和可持续性方面)
391: report that the trend is now spreading from
(报告称，趋势正在蔓延)
392: kitchen to closet.
(厨房到壁橱。)
393: It found animal welfare came top of a
(研究发现，动物福利位居榜首)
394: list of issues that people considered before buying
(人们在购买前考虑的问题列表)
395: clothes, with 42% saying it was important
(衣服，42% 的人认为这很重要)
396: to them.
(对他们来说。)
397: The researchers of the team predicted that the
(该团队的研究人员预测)
398: next year would see a boom in animal
(明年将迎来动物繁荣)
399: -free shoe collections since they heard shoppers of
(-免费鞋子收集，因为他们听说购物者)
400: all ages say they would buy footwear designated
(所有年龄段的人都表示会购买指定品牌的鞋类)
401: as vegan, meaning the goods were produced without
(作为纯素食，这意味着产品在生产过程中不含)
402: using any animal or animal part.
(使用任何动物或动物部分。)
403: As well as being on trend and with
(除了紧跟潮流，)
404: a much better ring to it than synthetic
(比合成的要好得多)
405: leather, the vegan label does convey an important
(皮革，素食标签确实传达了重要的)
406: extra distinction.
(额外的区别。)
407: If you label something as vegan, then the
(如果你把某样东西标记为素食，那么)
408: whole product needs to be animal-free.
(整个产品必须不含动物成分。)
409: That means checking things like the glue that
(这意味着要检查诸如胶水之类的东西)
410: holds the shoe together, for example, and the
(例如，将鞋子固定在一起，)
411: chemicals used for finishing them.
(用于加工它们的化学品。)
412: At the top end, some of the world
(在顶端，一些世界)
413: -renowned fashion designers have avoided leather and fur
(著名时装设计师避免使用皮革和毛皮)
414: for some time.
(一段时间。)
415: In fact, some of the companies are now
(事实上，一些公司现在)
416: exploring a leather substitute and a silk replacement
(探索皮革替代品和丝绸替代品)
417: made from mushrooms.
(由蘑菇制成。)
418: The Animal Free Product Society says they've seen
(无动物产品协会表示，他们已经看到)
419: a boom in products registered with the vegan
(素食注册产品数量激增)
420: trademark.
(商标。)
421: In 2018 there were 119.
(2018 年有 119 人。)
422: So far this year, it says, an unprecedented
(报告称，今年到目前为止，)
423: 1,956 have been registered.
(已注册 1,956 人。)
424: New products are being added daily.
(每天都会添加新产品。)
425: There are fur coats that are vegan, plastic
(有些皮草大衣是纯素的，有些是塑料的)
426: vegan belts, and shoes made from tree bark
(素食腰带和用树皮制成的鞋子)
427: or natural rubber labelled vegan.
(或标有素食主义的天然橡胶。)
428: These new products aren't coming at an extra
(这些新产品不会额外收费)
429: cost to consumers though.
(但对消费者来说却成本较高。)
430: Vegan boots cost the same as the leather
(素食靴的价格与皮革靴的价格相同)
431: originals.
(原件。)
432: New Look, one of the first reputable store
(New Look，首批信誉良好的商店之一)
433: chains to use the vegan trademark, prices ballet
(连锁店使用素食商标，价格上涨)
434: shoes at £7.99 and a vegan laptop
(售价 7.99 英镑的鞋子和一台纯素笔记本电脑)
435: handbag at £29.99, comparable with its other
(售价 29.99 英镑的手提包，与其他产品相当)
436: products.
(产品。)
437: This signifies a change.
(这标志着一种改变。)
438: In the past, ethical products, whether they were
(过去，道德产品，无论是)
439: fair trade or organic, came at a premium.
(无论是公平贸易产品还是有机产品，价格都是很昂贵的。)
440: However, it is unclear whether these new products
(但目前还不清楚这些新产品是否)
441: can be considered ethical.
(可以被认为是合乎道德的。)
442: The debate over durability, crop growing impacts, pollution
(关于耐久性、农作物种植影响、污染的争论)
443: and recyclability is a complicated one, not to
(可回收性是一个复杂的问题，)
444: mention the ethics around the working conditions for
(提到工作条件的道德问题)
445: people making the products, whatever the component materials.
(无论产品组成材料是什么，制造产品的人都是如此。)
446: Environmental campaigners advise that the best approach is
(环保人士建议，最好的方法是)
447: to buy less, never mind what the item
(少买点，不管是什么物品)
448: is made of.
(是由...制成的。)
449: Questions 19-21 are based on the recording
(问题 19-21 基于录音)
450: you have just heard.
(你刚才听到了。)
451: Question 19.
(问题 19.)
452: What has a market research team found in
(市场研究团队发现了什么)
453: its latest fashion and sustainability report?
(其最新的时尚和可持续发展报告？)
454: Question 20.
(问题 20.)
455: What have some world-renowned fashion designers done
(一些世界知名的时装设计师做了什么)
456: for some time?
(一段时间？)
457: Question 21.
(问题 21.)
458: What does the speaker say is unclear concerning
(演讲者说了什么不清楚的)
459: vegan products?
(素食产品？)
460: Recording 3.
(录音 3。)
461: By the end of 2016, anyone who had
(截至 2016 年底，任何人)
462: been paying even passing attention to the news
(一直在关注新闻)
463: headlines was highly likely to conclude that everything
(头条新闻很可能得出这样的结论：)
464: was terrible and that the world was going
(很糟糕，世界正在)
465: to hell.
(下地狱。)
466: It was easy to feel depressed by the
(很容易感到沮丧)
467: wars in different parts of the world, the
(世界各地发生的战争，)
468: spread of deadly viruses, or terror attacks.
(致命病毒的传播或恐怖袭击。)
469: Yet, 2016 was the best year in the
(然而，2016 年是)
470: history of humanity.
(人类历史。)
471: Child mortality was roughly half what it was
(儿童死亡率大约是)
472: as recently as 1990, and 300,000 more
(最近的一次是在 1990 年，还有 30 多万)
473: people gained access to electricity each day.
(人们每天都能用上电。)
474: Every single measure of material and environmental welfare
(每一项物质和环境福利的衡量标准)
475: in America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the world
(在美洲、欧洲、亚洲、非洲和世界)
476: as a whole, has improved rather than deteriorated.
(总体来说，是有所改善，而不是恶化。)
477: We are living in history's most peaceful era,
(我们正处于历史上最和平的时代，)
478: with violence of all kinds in steep decline.
(各类暴力事件急剧减少。)
479: Those are the facts, so why aren't we
(这些都是事实，那我们为什么不)
480: all optimists?
(都是乐观主义者？)
481: In a 2015 survey for YouGov, 65%
(在 YouGov 2015 年的一项调查中，65%)
482: of British people and 81% of the
(英国人中 81% 的人)
483: French said they thought the world was getting
(法国人说，他们认为世界正在变得)
484: worse.
(更糟。)
485: However, according to numerous sensible statistics, these people
(然而，根据大量合理的统计数据，这些人)
486: are simply wrong.
(都是错误的。)
487: Nobody in their right mind should wish to
(任何有理智的人都不会希望)
488: have lived in a previous century.
(生活在上个世纪。)
489: Yet people do.
(但人们却这么做。)
490: Why?
(为什么？)
491: Our prevailing mood of despair is irrational.
(我们普遍存在的绝望情绪是非理性的。)
492: It says more about us than it does
(它告诉我们的比它本身更多)
493: about how things really are.
(事情的真相。)
494: It is best explained as the result of
(最好的解释是)
495: various psychological biases that served a purpose for
(各种心理偏见)
496: our evolutionary ancestors.
(我们的进化祖先。)
497: But now, in a media-saturated era, constantly
(但现在，在这个媒体泛滥的时代，)
498: mislead us.
(误导我们。)
499: Once upon a time, it was of great
(曾几何时，)
500: survival value to be worried about everything that
(生存价值担心一切)
501: could go wrong.
(可能会出错。)
502: This is what makes bad news especially compelling.
(这正是坏消息尤其引人注目的原因。)
503: In our evolutionary past, it was a very
(在我们的进化史中，这是一个非常)
504: good thing that our attention could be easily
(好事是我们的注意力很容易)
505: seized by negative information, since it might well
(被负面信息所困扰，因为它很可能)
506: indicate a dangerous risk to our own survival.
(表明我们自身的生存面临危险。)
507: The caveman who always assumed there was a
(穴居人总是认为)
508: lion behind the next rock would usually be
(下一块岩石后面的狮子通常是)
509: wrong, but he'd be much more likely to
(错了，但他更有可能)
510: survive and reproduce than one who always assumed
(生存和繁衍，而不是总是假设)
511: the opposite.
(相反。)
512: But that was all before newspapers, television, and
(但这一切都发生在报纸、电视和)
513: the internet.
(互联网。)
514: In today's hyper-connected times, our addiction to
(在当今高度互联的时代，我们沉迷于)
515: bad news just leads us to vacuum up
(坏消息只会让我们陷入困境)
516: depressing or the globe.
(令人沮丧或全球。)
517: Whether these news stories threaten us or not,
(无论这些新闻报道是否对我们构成威胁，)
518: we conclude that things are much worse than
(我们得出的结论是，情况比)
519: they actually are.
(它们确实是。)
520: Really good news, on the other hand, can
(另一方面，真正的好消息可以)
521: be a lot harder to spot in a
(在)
522: newspaper because predictable daily events, by definition, aren't
(报纸，因为可预测的日常事件，从定义上来说，不是)
523: news.
(消息。)
524: Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
(问题 22 至 25 基于)
525: recording you have just heard.
(您刚刚听到的录音。)
526: Question 22.
(问题 22.)
527: What is one of the facts stated by
(陈述的事实之一是什么)
528: the speaker?
(演讲者？)
529: Question 23.
(问题 23.)
530: What do we learn about most British and
(我们对大多数英国人和)
531: French people in a 2015 survey for YouGov?
(法国人在 2015 年 YouGov 的一项调查中表现如何？)
532: Question 24.
(问题 24.)
533: What does our prevailing mood of despair indicate?
(我们普遍存在的绝望情绪表明了什么？)
534: Question 25.
(问题 25.)
535: What was a very good thing in our
(在我们看来，什么是非常好的事情)
536: evolutionary past?
(进化史？)
537: That's the end of listening comprehension.
(听力理解到此结束。)